Nearby galaxies refer to galaxies that are located relatively close to our own Milky Way galaxy. Studying nearby galaxies allows researchers to gain insights into the formation and evolution of galaxies, as well as to understand the larger structure of the universe. Researchers study nearby galaxies using a variety of methods, including telescopes that capture images of galaxies in different wavelengths of light, spectroscopy to analyze the composition and movement of stars within galaxies, and simulations to model the interactions and behaviors of galaxies. By studying nearby galaxies, researchers can better understand the processes that drive galaxy formation, such as the role of dark matter and the influence of supermassive black holes at the centers of galaxies. They can also learn more about the distribution of different types of galaxies in the universe and the relationships between galaxies in galaxy clusters. Overall, research on nearby galaxies plays a crucial role in advancing our understanding of the universe and our place within it.